What is typically the initial treatment for mild cases of mediastinal or subcutaneous emphysema?

The initial treatment for mild cases of mediastinal or subcutaneous emphysema involves breathing 100 percent oxygen at the surface. This approach aids in the absorption of the excess air trapped in the tissues. Oxygen helps to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and tissues, which encourages nitrogen and other gases absorbed from the atmosphere or produced by the body to be reabsorbed more rapidly. This process facilitates the reduction of the gas bubbles and promotes healing.

The use of pure oxygen is particularly effective because it provides a higher concentration of oxygen directly to the tissues, which enhances the resorption of the air that has accumulated. This method is non-invasive and can be done at the surface level, making it a practical first-line intervention in cases where the emphysema is not severe or life-threatening.

Other treatments such as immediate recompression or administering pain relievers may be indicated in more severe cases or under different circumstances, but for mild cases, the focus is on less invasive measures such as oxygen therapy. Observation without intervention might also be considered in very mild cases, but actively providing oxygen increases the likelihood of a better outcome.