Which of the following are signs of hypoxia in divers?

Hypoxia, or a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues, can occur in divers due to various factors such as increasing depth, poor gas mixtures, or inadequate breathing. Recognizing the signs of hypoxia is critical for maintaining safety while diving.

Lightheadedness and confusion are primary indicators of hypoxia. When there is insufficient oxygen supply to the brain, cognitive functions are impaired, leading to symptoms like disorientation, confusion, and an overall feeling of dizziness. These symptoms may escalate quickly, impairing a diver's ability to make sound decisions or respond effectively in an emergency, highlighting the need for immediate action.

In contrast, while fatigue and muscle cramps may be associated with various physical exertion conditions or dehydration, they are not specific to hypoxia. Nausea and vomiting can result from various factors, such as seasickness or changes in pressure, rather than directly indicating oxygen deficiency. Shivering and cold extremities typically relate to a diver's exposure to cold water rather than to oxygen deprivation. Understanding these distinctions is essential for recognizing the critical signs of hypoxia and ensuring diver safety.